Evaluating the impact of Nalla Lai contamination on drinking quality of groundwater in Rawalpindi city, Pakistan
نویسندگان
چکیده
Abstract The scientific report assessed the impact of Nalla Lai wastewater on groundwater quality Rawalpindi city, Pakistan. A total 19 and 49 samples were collected during September October 2016 have been analyzed in laboratory to detect different water parameters. results revealed that BOD (biological oxygen demand), COD (chemical iron, cadmium values many beyond recommended value National Environmental Quality Standards 1997 (NEQs, 1997). In samples, cadmium, manganese, zinc, TDS (total dissolved solids), pH, color, hardness found elevated from standard one or more as compared with Standard for Drinking Water Quality, 2010 (NSDWQ, 2010). decreasing metal concentration order was iron > zinc manganese copper cadmium. Very interestingly, at levels 75% investigated samples. Microbiological contamination detected 83% study percolation heavy metals microbial bore water, tube wells, hand pumps, springs, hand-dug wells located nearby stream.
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Water Practice & Technology
سال: 2022
ISSN: ['1751-231X']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2022.172